10-Codes and Radio Communication Standards

ERLC communities typically use one of two code systems. Choose one and standardize it completely:

• APCO 10-codes (traditional): The most widely used system. Examples: 10-4 (acknowledged), 10-7 (out of service), 10-20 (location). Widely recognized and easier for members with real-world or other community experience.
• Plain language: Some departments have moved away from 10-codes toward clear text (saying "en route" instead of "10-76"). Reduces miscommunication, especially with newer members.

A hybrid approach — using a small set of 10-codes for common actions plus plain language for everything else — is often the most practical for ERLC communities.

Every member must have access to your server's specific codes. Create a reference document that includes:

• Every code your department uses, with a clear definition.
• Examples of how each code is used in a sentence on radio.
• Codes that are not used (to prevent members importing codes from other communities).

Post this in a pinned channel and include it in training materials. A code that members cannot easily reference will not be used consistently.

Codes alone are not enough — your department needs a standard communication format:

• Call sign first: Always begin a transmission by identifying your unit. "Unit 4 to dispatch…"
• State your purpose: Follow with the reason for the call. "…I have a 10-50 at Pine Street and Maple."
• Wait for acknowledgment: Do not assume the message was received. Wait for a 10-4 or equivalent before proceeding.
• Keep transmissions brief: Radio is not a conversation channel. State the information, nothing more.

If your server uses a dispatcher role, define what they do and do not control:

• Dispatcher assigns units to calls and tracks unit status.
• Dispatcher does not micromanage in-scene decisions — that authority belongs to the on-scene officer.
• All units report their status changes to dispatch: en route, on scene, available, out of service.
• Dispatch maintains a log of active calls and assigned units during operations.

Radio communication is best tested under realistic conditions, not in a written quiz:

• Include a radio scenario in your tryout process — give the candidate a situation and evaluate their transmission format.
• Assess: correct code usage, proper call sign format, appropriate length, and clarity.
• Run new members through radio communication practice before they operate independently.

Correcting radio discipline during active operations is disruptive. Handle it outside of active scenes:

• Log communication errors during operations. Address them in a debrief, not over the radio.
• If a member consistently uses incorrect codes or format, address it in a private conversation, not publicly.
• Recognize members who maintain strong radio discipline — positive reinforcement is more effective than constant correction.